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"communication"
(Jakobson, 1982: 350-377 [1958])

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"language"

1. langue* or code**
*set of lexical-syntactic oppositions
**signal/message conversion rules.

2. parole (instance*), subset, faculty
*not an instance of langue

."language"

[predisposition to act according to Weltanschauung]

How to represent a cultural matrix?


Hofstede, G. (1980), Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills: Sage.

L. Beamer, California State University, www.dialogin.com

English – the study of the sedimentation of instances of wills to mean in a particular way that produce classes of ways of being.

Linguistique de la parole...
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the study of expressive intentionality as "manifestations... individuelles et momentanées" in which "il n'y a rien de plus que la somme de cas particulers"
.a study which differs from"la linguistique proprement dite, celle dont la langue est l'unique object" –Saussure, Cours, 1916, p. 25

A. Sechehaye: "...conflit entre ce qui est vivant et ce qui est formel" – Essai sur la structure logique de la phrase,1950

C. Bally marks "le passage d'une stylistique linguistique à une stylistique expressive" – Sylvie Durrer, Introduction à la linguistique de Charles Bally, 1998.

Studying and teaching English...

• 1. as a way of representing

• 2. as a way of doing

• 3. as a way of being <level of CCC* for IC**

*Cross-Cultural Competence for Intercultural Communication

Lexical versus Situational

Meaning:

'tardi'	'late'	'en retard'
'pulito'	'clean'	'propre'
'pasto'	'meal'	'repas'
'noi'	'we'	'nous'
'ovest'	'west'	'ouest'

"He went West!" . . .Where?

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"Il est parti vers l'ouest!"
Où?

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